// push/fold charts · 9-max · 20 bb

9-max push/fold at 20 bb

At 20 big blinds with a 1 bb big-blind ante, the equilibrium open-shoves 8.3% of hands from UTG, widening to 55.6% from the small blind. Below: every seat's shoving range, every seat's calling range against every shove, and each hand's EV against folding. Solved, not remembered, and the assumptions are printed at the bottom so you can argue with them.

Open-shove ranges, folded to you

One chart per seat. Each assumes everyone in front has folded and everyone behind defends with their equilibrium calling range. Mixed hands show their shove frequency.

UTG

shoves 8.3% first in

99+, 66, ATs+, A5s-A3s, KTs+, QJs, AQo+

UTG+1

shoves 9.3% first in

66+, ATs+, A5s, KTs+, QTs+, JTs, AQo+

UTG+2

shoves 11.4% first in

55+, A9s+, KTs+, QTs+, JTs, AJo+, KQo

LJ

shoves 13.7% first in

44+, A8s+, K9s+, Q9s+, J9s+, T9s, AJo+, KQo

HJ

shoves 17.6% first in

33+, A7s+, A5s-A4s, K9s+, Q9s+, J9s+, T9s, 98s, ATo+, KJo+, QJo

CO

shoves 22.9% first in

22+, A2s+, K9s+, Q9s+, J8s+, T8s+, 98s, 87s, A8o+, KJo+, QJo, JTo

BTN

shoves 33.3% first in

22+, A2s+, K5s+, Q8s+, J8s+, T7s+, 97s+, 86s+, 76s, A2o+, KTo+, QTo+, JTo, T9o

SB

shoves 55.6% first in

22+, A2s+, K2s+, Q2s+, J4s+, T5s+, 95s+, 85s+, 74s+, 64s+, 53s+, A2o+, K2o+, Q8o+, J8o+, T8o+, 98o, 87o, 76o
always (≥80%) mixed, % shown never (≤20%)

Calling a shove

Pick who shoved and who is deciding. The caller is the first player to act after the shove with everyone between them folded; under this model, once someone calls, everyone behind folds.

BB calls 19.8% against a BTN shove of 33.3%

always (≥80%) mixed, % shown never (≤20%)

Call vs fold, closest hands

BB facing BTN: the hands nearest indifference

HandCall freqCall vs fold (bb)
K9s49%+0.003
KTo0%−0.033
A5o0%−0.053
QTs100%+0.060
A6o100%+0.101
220%−0.105
A2s100%+0.239
JTs0%−0.401
QJo0%−0.420
A4o0%−0.465
33+, A2s+, KTs+, QTs+, A6o+, KJo+

Every calling range at 20 bb

SpotCallsRange
UTG+1 vs UTG3.8%TT+, AQs+, AKo
UTG+2 vs UTG3.8%TT+, AQs+, AKo
LJ vs UTG3.8%TT+, AQs+, AKo
HJ vs UTG3.8%TT+, AQs+, AKo
CO vs UTG3.8%TT+, AQs+, AKo
BTN vs UTG3.8%TT+, AQs+, AKo
SB vs UTG4.9%99+, AQs+, AQo+
BB vs UTG5.1%99+, AQs+, AQo+
UTG+2 vs UTG+14.6%99+, AQs+, AKo
LJ vs UTG+14.6%99+, AQs+, AKo
HJ vs UTG+14.6%99+, AQs+, AKo
CO vs UTG+14.6%99+, AQs+, AKo
BTN vs UTG+14.6%99+, AQs+, AKo
SB vs UTG+15.1%99+, AQs+, AQo+
BB vs UTG+15.2%99+, AQs+, AQo+
LJ vs UTG+25.9%88+, AJs+, AQo+
HJ vs UTG+25.9%88+, AJs+, AQo+
CO vs UTG+25.9%88+, AJs+, AQo+
BTN vs UTG+25.9%88+, AJs+, AQo+
SB vs UTG+25.9%88+, AJs+, AQo+
BB vs UTG+25.9%88+, AJs+, AQo+
HJ vs LJ6.6%77+, AJs+, AQo+
CO vs LJ6.6%77+, AJs+, AQo+
BTN vs LJ6.6%77+, AJs+, AQo+
SB vs LJ7.8%77+, ATs+, KQs, AJo+
BB vs LJ7.8%77+, ATs+, KQs, AJo+
CO vs HJ8.3%66+, ATs+, KQs, AJo+
BTN vs HJ8.3%66+, ATs+, KQs, AJo+
SB vs HJ9.7%66+, A9s+, KQs, ATo+
BB vs HJ10.4%55+, A9s+, KQs, ATo+
BTN vs CO11.5%55+, A8s+, KJs+, ATo+, KQo
SB vs CO12.8%44+, A8s+, KJs+, A9o+, KQo
BB vs CO13.3%44+, A7s+, KTs+, A9o+, KQo
SB vs BTN18.1%33+, A3s+, KTs+, QJs, A7o+, KJo+
BB vs BTN19.8%33+, A2s+, KTs+, QTs+, A6o+, KJo+
BB vs SB33.9%22+, A2s+, K4s+, Q8s+, J9s+, A2o+, K7o+, Q9o+, JTo
All 169 hands at 20 bb: shove EV by seat
HandUTGUTG+1UTG+2LJHJCOBTNSB
AA+5.311+5.423+5.582+5.629+5.752+5.953+5.977+6.038
KK+3.878+4.157+4.459+4.624+4.832+5.009+5.100+5.286
QQ+2.618+2.964+3.364+3.691+4.039+4.291+4.557+4.785
JJ+1.634+2.065+2.495+2.859+3.276+3.641+4.023+4.358
TT+0.722+1.282+1.805+2.207+2.638+3.077+3.567+3.954
99+0.082+0.393+1.030+1.520+2.004+2.460+3.067+3.475
880.000+0.010+0.370+0.963+1.540+2.015+2.664+3.113
77−0.007−0.002+0.014+0.376+1.059+1.622+2.264+2.790
66+0.002+0.008+0.017+0.086+0.595+1.251+1.907+2.512
55−0.014−0.004+0.011+0.079+0.286+0.888+1.593+2.266
44−0.065−0.057−0.044+0.021+0.146+0.540+1.244+1.967
33−0.142−0.132−0.123−0.055+0.073+0.358+0.897+1.673
22−0.218−0.209−0.199−0.130−0.001+0.277+0.663+1.386
AKs+1.903+2.097+2.336+2.530+2.809+3.196+3.584+3.945
AQs+0.783+0.945+1.196+1.573+2.043+2.595+3.127+3.627
AJs+0.347+0.401+0.482+0.802+1.254+1.933+2.698+3.364
ATs+0.176+0.252+0.254+0.413+0.688+1.381+2.237+3.124
A9s−0.063−0.014+0.010+0.133+0.286+0.810+1.705+2.694
A8s−0.058−0.093−0.093+0.048+0.190+0.566+1.356+2.420
A7s−0.040−0.082−0.187−0.065+0.100+0.452+1.055+2.183
A6s−0.062−0.098−0.201−0.166−0.012+0.353+0.828+1.951
A5s+0.074+0.044−0.049−0.010+0.070+0.432+0.860+1.927
A4s+0.0350.000−0.093−0.051+0.006+0.333+0.756+1.812
A3s+0.001−0.034−0.130−0.087−0.031+0.262+0.664+1.729
A2s−0.046−0.082−0.180−0.140−0.085+0.211+0.577+1.649
KQs+0.340+0.390+0.419+0.567+0.710+0.977+1.308+2.350
KJs+0.214+0.339+0.383+0.431+0.467+0.582+0.919+2.109
KTs+0.038+0.190+0.283+0.369+0.398+0.414+0.649+1.889
K9s−0.261−0.133−0.024+0.096+0.166+0.155+0.340+1.469
K8s−0.349−0.319−0.247−0.113−0.0200.000+0.136+1.110
K7s−0.311−0.281−0.308−0.194−0.080−0.026+0.087+0.947
K6s−0.304−0.270−0.295−0.264−0.159−0.076+0.055+0.845
K5s−0.314−0.281−0.307−0.273−0.241−0.159+0.001+0.761
K4s−0.365−0.336−0.360−0.323−0.313−0.269−0.099+0.674
K3s−0.406−0.373−0.399−0.363−0.354−0.343−0.198+0.595
K2s−0.452−0.420−0.448−0.414−0.406−0.394−0.278+0.514
QJs+0.140+0.230+0.254+0.350+0.428+0.500+0.689+1.475
QTs−0.031+0.086+0.162+0.296+0.373+0.421+0.616+1.276
Q9s−0.308−0.225−0.140+0.028+0.142+0.170+0.340+0.864
Q8s−0.420−0.422−0.362−0.183−0.0530.000+0.131+0.592
Q7s−0.533−0.533−0.579−0.426−0.272−0.185−0.079+0.397
Q6s−0.494−0.492−0.537−0.466−0.325−0.211−0.082+0.401
Q5s−0.510−0.509−0.554−0.479−0.407−0.293−0.137+0.337
Q4s−0.550−0.552−0.597−0.521−0.474−0.399−0.238+0.254
Q3s−0.597−0.596−0.646−0.569−0.521−0.477−0.340+0.175
Q2s−0.642−0.643−0.689−0.613−0.565−0.521−0.413+0.098
JTs−0.071+0.101+0.201+0.300+0.370+0.470+0.643+1.058
J9s−0.353−0.212−0.102+0.026+0.134+0.214+0.388+0.718
J8s−0.473−0.430−0.346−0.192−0.057+0.047+0.177+0.521
J7s−0.589−0.544−0.570−0.442−0.292−0.155−0.039+0.338
J6s−0.709−0.659−0.682−0.635−0.506−0.349−0.211+0.188
J5s−0.683−0.632−0.657−0.612−0.558−0.400−0.238+0.153
J4s−0.723−0.674−0.698−0.651−0.616−0.496−0.333+0.071
J3s−0.765−0.717−0.748−0.702−0.668−0.575−0.428−0.001
J2s−0.812−0.764−0.794−0.749−0.716−0.626−0.510−0.089
T9s−0.399−0.231−0.079+0.076+0.189+0.262+0.470+0.760
T8s−0.534−0.461−0.340−0.160−0.016+0.093+0.264+0.584
T7s−0.630−0.561−0.553−0.402−0.246−0.109+0.042+0.399
T6s−0.748−0.676−0.669−0.603−0.466−0.307−0.133+0.243
T5s−0.901−0.822−0.817−0.746−0.683−0.535−0.339+0.044
T4s−0.904−0.833−0.829−0.758−0.719−0.606−0.400−0.005
T3s−0.948−0.877−0.878−0.804−0.763−0.680−0.501−0.082
T2s−1.001−0.932−0.933−0.862−0.819−0.736−0.584−0.166
98s−0.642−0.546−0.387−0.175+0.009+0.122+0.308+0.627
97s−0.690−0.607−0.574−0.391−0.195−0.060+0.106+0.461
96s−0.792−0.706−0.672−0.583−0.410−0.253−0.072+0.305
95s−0.935−0.851−0.818−0.726−0.632−0.482−0.282+0.096
94s−1.116−1.031−1.002−0.906−0.836−0.726−0.525−0.122
93s−1.128−1.040−1.012−0.913−0.842−0.764−0.581−0.165
92s−1.168−1.081−1.054−0.959−0.888−0.811−0.658−0.247
87s−0.583−0.636−0.575−0.370−0.150+0.014+0.181+0.551
86s−0.673−0.721−0.668−0.561−0.359−0.168+0.008+0.396
85s−0.807−0.851−0.802−0.694−0.575−0.395−0.194+0.192
84s−1.000−1.037−0.990−0.877−0.782−0.644−0.439−0.031
83s−1.186−1.229−1.183−1.065−0.971−0.868−0.686−0.251
82s−1.195−1.237−1.188−1.071−0.978−0.874−0.726−0.298
76s−0.512−0.559−0.669−0.542−0.316−0.100+0.069+0.477
75s−0.647−0.689−0.797−0.670−0.532−0.321−0.128+0.281
74s−0.840−0.879−0.986−0.856−0.739−0.574−0.380+0.053
73s−1.030−1.074−1.176−1.045−0.929−0.798−0.628−0.165
72s−1.213−1.258−1.366−1.230−1.112−0.985−0.853−0.393
65s−0.479−0.514−0.611−0.630−0.471−0.231−0.020+0.386
64s−0.657−0.689−0.782−0.794−0.662−0.470−0.260+0.173
63s−0.861−0.897−0.992−0.996−0.863−0.706−0.520−0.053
62s−1.052−1.090−1.192−1.189−1.055−0.897−0.748−0.282
54s−0.496−0.523−0.606−0.615−0.594−0.383−0.150+0.278
53s−0.693−0.724−0.808−0.806−0.778−0.602−0.393+0.066
52s−0.884−0.917−1.003−0.997−0.966−0.794−0.624−0.164
43s−0.745−0.773−0.857−0.853−0.865−0.737−0.508−0.029
42s−0.927−0.961−1.050−1.038−1.046−0.920−0.734−0.256
32s−0.983−1.014−1.108−1.099−1.103−1.028−0.849−0.348
AKo+1.634+1.830+2.068+2.268+2.555+2.960+3.367+3.755
AQo+0.431+0.600+0.857+1.255+1.746+2.320+2.878+3.407
AJo−0.048−0.001+0.074+0.418+0.892+1.602+2.415+3.117
ATo−0.225−0.155−0.168−0.002+0.284+1.010+1.917+2.860
A9o−0.478−0.428−0.420−0.297−0.146+0.398+1.348+2.401
A8o−0.491−0.539−0.545−0.401−0.263+0.129+0.970+2.096
A7o−0.479−0.530−0.658−0.525−0.364−0.005+0.640+1.839
A6o−0.495−0.543−0.669−0.636−0.481−0.107+0.399+1.591
A5o−0.340−0.383−0.495−0.458−0.384−0.017+0.432+1.566
A4o−0.381−0.427−0.541−0.502−0.455−0.126+0.321+1.442
A3o−0.426−0.469−0.589−0.550−0.502−0.206+0.222+1.349
A2o−0.474−0.519−0.639−0.604−0.558−0.258+0.124+1.267
KQo−0.060−0.016+0.001+0.153+0.289+0.565+0.904+2.034
KJo−0.194−0.078−0.052−0.002+0.021+0.130+0.481+1.769
KTo−0.382−0.238−0.158−0.075−0.053−0.044+0.197+1.537
K9o−0.705−0.577−0.483−0.363−0.303−0.321−0.134+1.079
K8o−0.796−0.777−0.715−0.584−0.505−0.495−0.358+0.698
K7o−0.760−0.742−0.793−0.670−0.563−0.517−0.405+0.523
K6o−0.750−0.731−0.776−0.750−0.649−0.574−0.441+0.408
K5o−0.777−0.757−0.797−0.766−0.745−0.667−0.511+0.314
K4o−0.815−0.796−0.840−0.808−0.814−0.778−0.612+0.224
K3o−0.858−0.838−0.889−0.858−0.866−0.869−0.723+0.133
K2o−0.905−0.887−0.936−0.908−0.915−0.916−0.802+0.055
QJo−0.270−0.181−0.171−0.073−0.001+0.059+0.253+1.098
QTo−0.453−0.340−0.275−0.142−0.074−0.031+0.161+0.874
Q9o−0.771−0.682−0.608−0.439−0.334−0.310−0.143+0.433
Q8o−0.890−0.899−0.841−0.660−0.537−0.493−0.362+0.138
Q7o−1.013−1.019−1.081−0.917−0.769−0.691−0.593−0.080
Q6o−0.964−0.970−1.029−0.957−0.817−0.710−0.587−0.071
Q5o−0.978−0.986−1.047−0.973−0.913−0.803−0.652−0.142
Q4o−1.024−1.035−1.097−1.021−0.986−0.914−0.757−0.229
Q3o−1.067−1.077−1.142−1.070−1.036−1.002−0.865−0.312
Q2o−1.118−1.130−1.194−1.123−1.089−1.053−0.949−0.398
JTo−0.499−0.331−0.245−0.141−0.070+0.020+0.192+0.646
J9o−0.811−0.667−0.571−0.436−0.334−0.263−0.088+0.278
J8o−0.938−0.905−0.824−0.662−0.532−0.443−0.305+0.065
J7o−1.054−1.020−1.064−0.920−0.773−0.650−0.535−0.134
J6o−1.179−1.143−1.188−1.139−1.008−0.860−0.727−0.295
J5o−1.156−1.118−1.165−1.116−1.064−0.914−0.754−0.330
J4o−1.202−1.166−1.212−1.163−1.137−1.025−0.855−0.415
J3o−1.252−1.215−1.265−1.215−1.188−1.113−0.965−0.503
J2o−1.303−1.270−1.321−1.270−1.243−1.170−1.054−0.596
T9o−0.861−0.690−0.550−0.388−0.282−0.2110.000+0.325
T8o−0.987−0.925−0.807−0.625−0.485−0.381−0.206+0.140
T7o−1.099−1.039−1.051−0.885−0.727−0.597−0.445−0.059
T6o−1.216−1.155−1.171−1.108−0.967−0.815−0.642−0.228
T5o−1.372−1.306−1.322−1.258−1.202−1.056−0.867−0.445
T4o−1.380−1.319−1.335−1.268−1.239−1.130−0.928−0.499
T3o−1.431−1.368−1.386−1.318−1.286−1.214−1.035−0.582
T2o−1.487−1.423−1.441−1.373−1.340−1.268−1.120−0.671
98o−1.107−1.010−0.853−0.639−0.463−0.356−0.164+0.178
97o−1.159−1.076−1.059−0.867−0.678−0.547−0.384−0.002
96o−1.266−1.183−1.165−1.075−0.902−0.751−0.567−0.166
95o−1.426−1.344−1.328−1.232−1.144−0.998−0.801−0.390
94o−1.625−1.540−1.523−1.426−1.368−1.265−1.060−0.627
93o−1.622−1.535−1.522−1.427−1.369−1.304−1.122−0.672
92o−1.676−1.591−1.578−1.484−1.424−1.356−1.207−0.763
87o−1.050−1.119−1.064−0.848−0.634−0.482−0.309+0.089
86o−1.147−1.210−1.161−1.055−0.852−0.670−0.486−0.072
85o−1.296−1.353−1.309−1.201−1.089−0.910−0.704−0.289
84o−1.503−1.553−1.510−1.395−1.311−1.178−0.967−0.529
83o−1.702−1.759−1.720−1.599−1.513−1.423−1.236−0.765
82o−1.703−1.760−1.722−1.606−1.521−1.429−1.279−0.816
76o−0.976−1.038−1.168−1.033−0.804−0.591−0.422+0.013
75o−1.125−1.182−1.308−1.177−1.045−0.837−0.646−0.197
74o−1.328−1.380−1.505−1.368−1.264−1.102−0.901−0.436
73o−1.533−1.589−1.713−1.572−1.466−1.348−1.174−0.676
72o−1.732−1.791−1.922−1.776−1.667−1.549−1.416−0.918
65o−0.949−0.997−1.112−1.133−0.971−0.735−0.524−0.088
64o−1.137−1.184−1.300−1.314−1.182−0.995−0.780−0.317
63o−1.343−1.395−1.509−1.514−1.383−1.237−1.049−0.554
62o−1.552−1.604−1.727−1.726−1.595−1.450−1.300−0.800
54o−0.971−1.010−1.111−1.120−1.106−0.894−0.655−0.196
53o−1.160−1.203−1.307−1.308−1.293−1.127−0.919−0.427
52o−1.371−1.417−1.526−1.521−1.501−1.333−1.167−0.670
43o−1.210−1.255−1.362−1.360−1.384−1.265−1.038−0.526
42o−1.422−1.469−1.575−1.567−1.587−1.471−1.285−0.768
32o−1.474−1.517−1.630−1.623−1.641−1.578−1.402−0.864

Reading the chart is the easy half. The trainer deals you real hands at 20 bb in a seat you choose and prices every wrong shove or call in big blinds.

Drill 9-max at 20 bb →
// what was solved, and what was assumed
  • 9-max, blinds 0.5 / 1, 1 bb big-blind ante (dead money, posted by the big blind). Every player starts the hand with the same stack, counted before posting, so the big blind has 1 bb less to play with.
  • The first player in may only shove or fold. Facing a shove, each player behind may only call or fold. No limps, no raises short of all-in.
  • Assumption: once one player calls, everyone behind folds. Three-way all-ins are left out of the model, because pricing them needs a 169×169×169 equity table. In real play a big blind sometimes overcalls with aces; here it cannot, so shoves into several players are priced slightly too well.
  • Assumption: players who folded held random cards. Card removal is applied between the shover and each possible caller, not for the hands that folded in front. One consequence: a seat's ranges depend only on the players left behind it, which is why every 6-max chart matches the 9-max chart for the seat with the same players behind it (6-max UTG is 9-max LJ; HJ through BB are the same seats).
  • Solved by fictitious play (linearly averaged) over a 169×169 all-in equity matrix from our engine, 200,000 sampled runouts per matchup, card removal corrected, 3,000 iterations per seat. Measured, not assumed: no seat, in any spot on these pages, could gain more than 0.076 mbb (thousandths of a big blind) per hand by deviating.
  • Checked against our heads-up table: the same solver run with two players and no ante reproduces the heads-up charts, with no disagreement bigger than 0.1 percentage points of equity.
  • EV is the aggressive action minus folding, in big blinds, against everyone else's equilibrium ranges. Chip EV only: no ICM, so near a bubble or a pay jump these ranges are too wide.
  • Raw data: 9max.json (summary) and one file per depth, e.g. 9max/10.json.